Recent developments

•RON 95 E5 (ethanol content up to 5% v/v) is the main gasoline grade, and it is unlikely that Italy will introduce RON 95 E10 (ethanol content 10% v/v) grade in 2021

•Ethanol use remains extremely limited, greater use of bio-ETBE observed

•MTBE is the main octane enhancer

•By 2030, Italy expects to meet the 22% renewable energy share target for transport

•FCA and ENI are engaged R&D project to use M15 E5 (methanol 15% v/v, ethanol 5% v/v) as alternative fuel in Italian vehicles