EU and other western European countries

In 2024, EU countries maintained efforts to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote alternative fuels, with most transport fuel regulations related to the Fit-for-55 package already implemented. However, some nations, like Finland, reduced renewable fuel targets for 2025–2027, while Sweden revised its GHG emissions reduction target, initially lowering it to 6% v/v in early 2024 before planning a rise to 10% v/v in 2025. The availability of pure hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO 100) expanded across Europe, with Germany and France lifting restrictions for its wider use. E-fuel development, though still in early stages, is concentrated in Norway, France, Germany and Sweden, with e-ammonia and e-methanol leading in planned cap