Octane enhancers

Depending on the quality of the crude and the refinery process, gasoline produced by refineries may not meet the minimum octane requirement. Hence, refiners add octane enhancers. Many types of octane enhancer are commonly used by refiners:

○Aromatic amines/oxygenates (burn ash-free)

○Alcohol and ethers

○Metallic-based

This section analyzes the use of metallic additives and oxygenates.