Logistics and distribution

In Japan, petroleum products are distributed via coastal tankers, tank trucks, railroad tankers and pipelines to refueling stations across the country.

The number of refueling stations in Japan has been declining since it peaked at 60,421 stations in March 1994. At the end of March 2017, the number had fallen to 31,467 stations or about 50% of those in March 1994. The number fell further to 29,005 stations as of March 2020.

The main reason was a worsening business environment and increased competition. The decline was also influenced by Japan’s shrinking population, a rise in more fuel-efficient vehicles and the increased use of all types of electric vehicles, including conventional hybrids.

In 2011, the government amended the Fire Service Act requiring operators of