​EU, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland

In countries such as Croatia, Slovenia, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, and Malta, the most popular gasoline grade RON 95 contains no bioethanol, or only traces of it below 1 %v/v, because of difficulties to adapt properties of gasoline-ethanol blend for hot climates and the fuel distribution infrastructure. Until 2019, the situation was similar in Spain and Portugal, however, in the last year they have introduced limited bioethanol blending. All these countries use MTBE as an octane booster and to a much lower extent TAME. In 2019, Greece and Slovenia have been using ETBE instead of MTBE. In 2019, Greece introduced a mandate for biofuel blending in gasoline and it will be met solely through ETB